
MarkTechPost: Perplexity and NVIDIA Researchers Introduce JOLT: a Joint Teacher-Student Reinforcement Learning Method
Perplexity, along with NVIDIA team, has introduced JOLT, a new post-training method for language models. JOLT stands for Joint On-policy Learning and Teaching. It trains a single model in 2 roles. The teacher sees privileged information; the student does not. The key change is that the teacher is trained too, so its feedback stays usable. On MATH, JOLT matched GRPO’s accuracy with 6.5x fewer processed training tokens. For teams running RL post-training, that is a direct compute question.
JOLT is a post-training method that trains a single language model in two simultaneous roles: a teacher that receives privileged information like verified answers, and a student that sees only the task. The method addresses a limitation in outcome-reward reinforcement learning, which provides sparse feedback that does not indicate which specific tokens helped the model succeed. JOLT trains both roles together, with the teacher learning from outcome rewards plus a penalty keeping it aligned with the student, while the student learns from the teacher's token-level guidance. In testing on mathematical problem-solving, JOLT achieved the same accuracy as a competing method called GRPO while using 6.5 times fewer processed training tokens, which represents a direct reduction in computational cost.
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