Low-Frequency Noise and Data Centers: What to Know

Infrasound is low-frequency acoustic energy below 20 Hz that most people cannot hear but may perceive as pressure changes, vibrations, or buzzing in structures. Data centers generate infrasound from cooling towers, large axial fans, and standby generators, with the latter being a major contributor during testing or outages. Although infrasound is often not covered by local noise ordinances and scientific evidence remains limited, residents near data centers increasingly complain that low-frequency noise causes headaches, nausea, and anxiety, making infrasound mitigation and community communication increasingly important for data center operators. Practical mitigation strategies include regularly cleaning fans and mechanical components and installing larger fans that operate at lower speeds.